Method for controlling air-fuel ratio in internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

A system for controlling fuel injection in an internal combustion engine such that when the target air-fuel ratio is switched from a rich value to a lean value, the air-fuel ratios are switched to the lean value by sequentially decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders, for example in a four cylinder engine into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, with predetermined time differences. During this time, an electronic air control valve (EACV) is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise opened with the switching of the air-fuel ratio s for the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, thereby causing the engine torque to remain the same to prevent the generation of a torque shock. When the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the lean level to the rich level, the amounts of fuel injected into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are controlled in such a manner that they are sequentially increased with predetermined time differences, and the EACV is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise closed. Thus, it is possible to avoid the generation of a torque shock, while preventing the degradation of the emission during switching of the air-fuel ratio.

This is a Continuation of Ser. No. 08/424,880, filed Apr. 10, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,803,048.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling the air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine, wherein the air-fuel ratios for cylinders are switched with predetermined time differences.

2. Description of the Prior Art

There is a conventionally known internal combustion engine described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No.295151/1992, in which the air-fuel ratios for cylinders are switched with predetermined time differences.

If the target air-fuel ratio is continuously switched from a rich value (an A point) to a lean value (a B point), as shown in FIG. 27, it is disadvantageous in that the amount of NO_(X) discharged is suddenly increased at a medium air-fuel ratio, as shown by a solid line. On the other hand, if the target air-fuel ratio is switched in a moment from the rich value (the A point) to the lean value (the B point), it is possible to avoid the sudden increase in amount of NO_(X) discharged, as shown by a dashed line. However, if the target air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders is switched in a moment, the engine torque is suddenly varied to generate a shock, thereby bringing about a problem of a degradation in driveability.

Therefore, in the above prior art internal combustion engine, in switching the target air-fuel ratio from the rich level to the lean level, the amounts of fuel injected by fuel injection valves provided at each of the cylinders are sequentially decreased at predetermined intervals beyond a medium air-fuel ratio at which an emission is degraded. This avoids a torque shock which may be otherwise produced when the amounts of fuel injected into all the cylinders are decreased simultaneously, thereby providing an improvement in driveability while preventing the degradation of the emission.

However, the prior art engine suffers from a problem that the prevention of the degradation of the emission and the avoidance of the generation of the torque shock are not reconciled depending upon the operational range of the engine because of the uniformly set time differences for sequentially decreasing the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves. In addition, there is a problem that only the control of the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves does not make it possible to completely prevent the torque shock, whereby the degradation of the driveability due to the generation of the torque shock cannot be sufficiently prevented.

When the above prior art internal combustion engine includes an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculating) gas circulating system, even if the circulation of an EGR gas is stopped in switching the target air-fuel ratio from the rich to the lean, the amount of the EGR gas in an intake system is not immediately reduced to zero, and the EGR gas remains in the intake system, until a predetermined time has lapsed. If the amount of fuel injected is decreased in this condition to change the air-fuel ratio to the lean side, the following problem is encountered; the combustion of the air-fuel mixture is degraded due to the presence of the EGR gas to bring about a combustion failure such as a misfire.

In the above prior art internal combustion engine, there is a further problem that even if the air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders is changed to avoid the medium air-fuel ratio at which the amount of NO_(x) discharged is increased, the exhaust gas from the cylinder with a rich air-fuel ratio is diluted by the exhaust gas from the cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio, resulting in a reduced purifying efficiency of an exhaust emission control catalyst.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is a first object of the present invention to effectively avoid the generation of a torque shock, while preventing the degradation of the emission upon the switching of the target air-fuel ratio.

It is a second object of the present invention to effectively avoid the combustion failure of an air-fuel mixture due to the EGR gas upon the switching of the target air-fuel ratio.

It is a third object of the present invention to possibly avoid the degradation of the emission, when both a cylinder with a rich air-fuel ratio and a cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio exist.

To achieve the first object, according to the present invention, there is provided an air-fuel control system in an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel injection valve provided at each of the cylinders, a target air-fuel ratio setting means for setting a target air-fuel ratio based on the operational state of the internal combustion engine, and a fuel injection amount control means for changing the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves based on the target air-fuel ratio, in which when the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection amount control means sequentially changes the amounts of fuel injected with predetermined time differences for each of the fuel injection valves, the fuel injection amount control means being capable of changing the time differences.

With the above arrangement, the fuel injection amount control means is capable of changing the time differences for sequentially changing the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves, when the target air-fuel ratio is switched. Therefore, it is possible to select optimal time differences in response to the switching from a rich level to a lean level or the switching from the lean level to the rich level to effectively reconcile the prevention of the degradation of the emission and the improvement in driveability.

To achieve the second object, according to the present invention, there is provided an air-fuel control system in an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel injection valve provided at each of the cylinders, an EGR gas circulation amount control means for controlling the amount of EGR gas circulated from an exhaust passage to an intake passage, a target air-fuel ratio setting means for setting a target air-fuel ratio based on the operational state of the internal combustion engine, and a fuel injection amount control means for controlling the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves based on the target air-fuel ratio, in which when the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection amount control means sequentially decreases the amounts of fuel injected with predetermined time differences for each of the fuel injection valves, the air-fuel control system further including a residual EGR gas amount calculating means for calculating the amount of EGR gas remaining in the intake system, whereby when the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the EGR gas circulation amount control means decreases the amount of EGR gas circulated, and the fuel injection amount control means starts the decreasing of the amount of fuel injected, after waiting for the decreasing of the residual EGR gas amount calculated by the residual EGR gas amount calculating means down to a predetermined value or less. With the above arrangement, the air-fuel control system includes the residual EGR gas amount calculating means for calculating the amount of EGR gas remaining in the intake system. When the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the EGR gas circulation amount control means decreases the amount of EGR gas circulated, and the fuel injection amount control means starts the decreasing of the amount of fuel injected, after waiting for the decreasing of the residual EGR gas amount calculated by the residual EGR gas amount calculating means down to the predetermined value or less. Therefore, in a condition in which the residual EGR gas amount is large, the air-fuel ratio cannot be changed to the lean value, thereby preventing the generation of a combustion failure and/or a misfire.

In addition, to achieve the second object, according to the present invention, there is provided at air-fuel ratio control system in an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel injection valve provided in each of the cylinders, an EGR gas circulation amount control means for controlling the amount of EGR gas circulated from an exhaust passage to an intake passage, a target air-fuel ratio setting means for setting a target air-fuel ratio based on the operational state of the internal combustion engine, and a fuel injection amount control means for controlling the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel inject on valves based on the target air-fuel ratio, in which when the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection amount control means sequentially decreases the amounts of fuel injected with predetermined time differences for each of the fuel injection valves, the air-fuel ratio control system further including a residual EGR gas amount calculating means for calculating the amount of EGR gas remaining in the intake system, whereby when the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the decreasing of the amount of EGR gas circulated by the EGR gas circulation amount control means and the decreasing of the amount of fuel injected by the fuel injection amount control means are started, so that the amount of fuel injected is decreased by the fuel injection amount control means in accordance with the decreasing of the residual EGR gas amount calculated by the residual EGR gas amount calculating means.

With the above arrangement, the air-fuel ratio control system includes a residual EGR gas amount calculating means for calculating the amount of EGR gas remaining in the intake system. When the target air-fuel ratio setting means has switched the target air-fuel ratio, the decreasing of the amount of EGR gas circulated by the EGR gas circulation amount control means and the decreasing of the amount of fuel injected by the fuel injection amount control means are started, so that the amount of fuel injected is decreased by the fuel injection amount control means in accordance with the decreasing of the residual EGR gas amount calculated by the residual EGR gas amount calculating means. Therefore, even if a situation having a medium air-fuel ratio is generated, the degradation of an emission is prevented by a residual EGR gas amount suitable for such situation. In addition, the air-fuel ratio is stepwise switched to the lean side simultaneously with the establishment of an air-fuel ratio switching condition, and therefore, the timing of the leaning the air-fuel ratio cannot be delayed to degrade the fuel consumption rate and moreover, while the air-fuel ratio remains stoichiometrical, the amount of EGR gas circulated cannot be decreased to degrade the emission.

To achieve the third object, according to the present invention, there is provided an air-fuel ratio controlling method in an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in an exhaust passage common to all the cylinders, in which when the target air-fuel ratio is switched, the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders are sequentially switched by increasing or decreasing the amounts of fuel injected from fuel injection valves provided at each of the cylinders with predetermined time differences, wherein in a condition in which a plurality of cylinders with a rich air-fuel ratio exist, the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders with the rich air-fuel ratio is continuous.

With the above feature, when the plurality of cylinders with the rich air-fuel ratio exist in sequentially switching the air-fuel ratio for the cylinders, the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders with the rich air-fuel ratio is continuous. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the dilution of the exhaust gas from the cylinder with the rich air-fuel ratio by the exhaust gas from the cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio, thereby preventing a reduction in performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst.

In addition, to achieve the above object, there is provided an air-fuel ratio controlling method in an internal combustion engine including an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in an exhaust passage common to the cylinders, in which when the target air-fuel ratio is switched, the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders are sequentially switched by increasing or decreasing the amounts of fuel injected from fuel injection valves provided at each of the cylinders with predetermined time differences, wherein in a condition in which a plurality of cylinders with a rich air-fuel ratio exist, the order of arrangement of the cylinders with the rich air-fuel ratio is determined, so that the cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio is not interposed between said cylinders with said rich air-fuel ratio.

With the above feature, when the plurality of cylinders with a rich air-fuel ratio exist, the cylinders are arranged so that the cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio is not interposed between such cylinders with the rich air-fuel ratio. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the dilution of the exhaust gas from the cylinder with the rich air-fuel ratio by the exhaust gas from the cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio, thereby preventing a reduction in performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst.

Further, to achieve the third object, according to the present invention, there is provided an air-fuel ratio controlling method in an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in each of a plurality of exhaust passages provided in correspondence to a plurality of groups of cylinders, in which when the target air-fuel ratio is switched, the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders are sequentially switched by increasing or decreasing the amounts of fuel injected from fuel injection valves provided at each of the cylinders with predetermined time differences, wherein the switching of the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders is sequentially carried out for each of the cylinder groups.

With the above feature, in sequentially switching the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders divided into the plurality of cylinder groups, the switching of the air-fuel ratio is carried out for each cylinder group. Therefore, the time, while the air-fuel ratios for all the cylinders in the cylinder group are rich, can be kept as long as possible, thereby preventing a reduction in performance of the exhaust emission control catalysts connected to the cylinder groups.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the entire arrangement of an air-fuel ratio control system in an internal combustion engine;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit arrangement of an electronic control unit;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the conditions when the air-fuel ratio is switched from a rich level to a lean level;

FIG. 5 is a timing chart of the conditions when the air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean level to the rich level;

FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein

FIG. 6 is a flow chart for a status control routine;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart for an EACV driving routine;

FIG. 8 is a timing chart;

FIG. 9 is a timing chart of a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a timing chart of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 11 to 15 illustrate a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein:

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic illustration of the entire arrangement of an air-fuel ratio control system in an internal combustion engine;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit arrangement of an electronic control unit;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the fifth embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart for a subroutine of step S3 in the flow chart shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a timing chart of the fifth embodiment;

FIGS. 16 to 18 illustrate a sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 16 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a table for searching a medium target air-fuel ratio from a net EGR factor;

FIG. 18 is a timing chart of the sixth embodiment;

FIGS. 19 to 24 illustrate a seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein

FIG. 19 is a diagrammatic illustration of the entire arrangement of an air-fuel ratio control system in an internal combustion engine;

FIG. 20 is a flow chart for explaining the operation in switching the air-fuel ratio from a rich level to a lean level;

FIGS. 21A to 21C are timing charts for explaining the operation in switching the air-fuel ratio from the rich level to the lean level;

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the operation corresponding to FIGS. 21A, 21B and 21C;

FIGS. 23A to 23C are timing charts for explaining the operation in switching the air-fuel ratio from the lean level to the rich level;

FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the operation corresponding to FIGS. 23A, 23B and 23C;

FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate an eighth embodiment of the present invention, wherein

FIG. 25 is a diagrammatic illustration of the entire arrangement of an air-fuel ratio control system in an internal combustion engine;

FIG. 26 is a flow chart for explaining the operation in switching the air-fuel ratio from a rich level to a lean level; and

FIG. 27 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the air-fuel ratio and the amount of NO_(x) discharged.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5.

Referring to FIG. 1, an intake passage 1 in a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine E (which will be simply referred to as an engine E hereinafter) is connected to #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ through an intake manifold 2. A throttle valve 4 is provided in the intake passage 1 and connected to and opened and closed by an accelerator pedal which is not shown. A signal from a throttle opening degree sensor 5 connected to the throttle valve 4 for detecting a throttle opening degree θ TH is supplied to an electronic control unit U. An electronic air control valve 7 (which will be simply referred to as EACV 7 hereinafter) is provided in a bypass passage 6 which is connected to the intake passage 1 to bypass the throttle valve 4. The EACV 7 is connected to and controlled by the electronic control unit U.

Four fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ are mounted in the intake manifold 2 in correspondence to the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄. The fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ are connected to and controlled by the electronic control unit U.

An intake air amount sensor 9 comprising an air flow meter for detecting an intake air amount Q is provided on the intake passage 1 at a location upstream of the throttle valve 4. A signal from the intake air amount sensor 9 is supplied to the electronic control unit U. An engine revolution-number sensor 10 is provided in the engine E for detecting the number Ne of revolutions of the engine based on the rotation of the crankshaft, which is not shown, and a signal from the engine revolution-number sensor 10 is supplied to the electronic control unit U. The engine revolution-number sensor 10 also simultaneously delivers a crankshaft angle signal and a cylinder judgment signal in addition to a signal indicative of the number Ne of revolutions of the engine.

Referring to FIG. 2, the electronic control unit U includes a target air-fuel ratio setting means M1 for switching a target air-fuel ratio based on the operational state of the engine E, a fuel injection amount control means M2 for controlling the amount of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ based on the target air-fuel ratio, and an intake air amount control means M3 for controlling the opening degree of the EACV 7 based on the target air-fuel ratio.

The throttle opening degree θ TH detected by the throttle opening degree sensor 5 and the engine revolution-number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10 are supplied to the target air-fuel ratio setting means M1, and a target air-fuel ratio A/F is map-searched based on the throttle opening degree θ TH and the engine revolution-number Ne. In a usual operation range of the engine E, the target air-fuel ratio A/F is set at a stoichiometry (rich), i.e., at 14.7 which is a theoretical value (A/F=14.7). On the other hand, in a particular operational range such as during speed-reduction of the engine, the target air-fuel ratio A/F is substantially leaned and set at any of 20 or 23 in order to provide an improvement in specific fuel consumption.

When the target air-fuel ratio is of the theoretical value, the fuel injection amount control means M2 sets a fuel injection amount Ti corresponding to the air intake amount Q detected by the intake air amount sensor 9 and the engine revolution-number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10 to provide the theoretical value. On the other hand, when the target air-fuel ratio is leaned into a value leaner than the theoretical value, the fuel injection amount control means M2 sets the fuel injection amount Ti to provide the lean target air-fuel ratio. When the target air-fuel ratio is switched, the fuel injection amount control means M2 controls the timing for changing the fuel injection amount Ti with a predetermined time difference (which will be described hereinafter) for every cylinder 3₁, 3₂, 3₃, 3₄. When the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the stoichiometry, the fuel injection amount control means M2 changes the time difference in accordance with a variation rate Δθ TH in throttle opening degree θ TH. The function of the fuel injection amount control means M2 will be described hereinafter with reference to a flow chart.

The intake air amount control means M3 controls the opening degree θ EACV of the EACV 7 in accordance with the increase or decrease in the fuel injection amount Ti when the target air-fuel ratio is switched. The function of the intake air amount control means M3 will be described hereinafter with reference to the flow chart.

The operation of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. 3.

First, if a condition for switching the target air-fuel ratio is newly established based on the operational state of the engine E at step S1, an answer at step S2 becomes NO, proceeding to step S3. If the last target air-fuel ratio instructed by the target air-fuel ratio setting means M1 is stoichiometrical at step S3, the target air-fuel ratio has been changed from the stoichiometry (A/F=14.7) to the lean (A/F=20) by the current switching, and first switchover intervals given in Table 1 are selected at step S4.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         For switching from stoichiometry to lean                                       Cylinder #1 → #3                                                                               #3 → #4                                                                          #4 → #2                                 ______________________________________                                         Interval 24TDC         12TDC    12TDC                                          ______________________________________                                    

When the first switchover intervals have been selected at step S4, the EACV 7 is driven in an opening direction in step S5, so that the intake air amount is increased, and the amount Ti of fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ or 8₄ corresponding to the current cylinder (i-e., the #1 cylinder 3₁) is decreased in step S6, and with this decrease, both an ignition timing θ IG and a fuel injection timing θ INJ for the #1 cylinder 3₁ are changed.

In a next loop, the answers at steps S1 and S2 are changed into YES, proceeding to step S7. At each time the predetermined interval shown in Table 1 has elapsed at step S7, an increase in intake air amount and a decrease in the fuel injection amount at steps S5 and S6 are carried out. This control is carried out for the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ in the order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#3 cylinder 3₂.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the decreasing control for the fuel injection amount at step S6 is carried out, first of all, for the #1 cylinder 3₁, and the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder 3₁ is changed from the stoichiometry to the lean (A/F=20). Then, after a lapse of 24TDC (24 Top Dead Center positions of the crankshaft for #1 cylinder 3,) based on the interval shown in Table 1, the air-fuel ratio for the #3 cylinder 3₃ is changed and then, after a lapse of 12TDC, the air-fuel ratio for the #4 cylinder 3₄ is changed. Finally, after a lapse of 12TDC, the air-fuel ratio for the #2 cylinder 3₂ is changed. TDC is a top dead center, and the interval is controlled by the number of TDCs detected.

The degradation of an emission can be prevented by changing the target air-fuel ratio from the stoichiometry to the lean beyond a medium air-fuel ratio (A/F=15 to 19) at which the emission is extremely degraded, as described above. Moreover, in this case, the amounts of fuel injected into the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ are sequentially changed at the predetermined intervals and hence, it is possible to prevent the engine torque from being suddenly varied and to avoid the degradation of driveability.

However, if only the control of the amount of fuel injected is carried out, the target air-fuel ratios for the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ are sequentially leaned and for this reason, the stepwise decreasing of the torque cannot be completely avoided (see "Engine torque (1)" in FIG. 4). Therefore, a decrease in engine torque can be avoided to further effectively prevent the generation of a torque shock by using an intake air amount increasing control carried out at step S5 in combination with the control of the amount of fuel injected.

More specifically, when the target air-fuel ratio is changed from the stoichiometry to the lean, the opening degree of the EACV 7 is stepwise increased in parallel with the fuel injection amount decreasing control, thereby increasing the intake air amount to prevent the engine torque from being decreased. As a result, even if the amounts of fuel injected into each of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ are sequentially decreased, the engine torque is kept flat on the whole, and the prevention of the degradation of the emission and the prevention of the generation of a torque shock can be effectively reconciled (see "Engine torque (2)" in FIG. 4). It should be noted that the control for decreasing the amount of fuel injected and the control for increasing the intake air amount are conducted in association with each other, so that the target air-fuel ratio (A/F=20) is finally achieved.

It is desirable that the above-described control for increasing the intake air amount is conducted promptly in order to possibly avoid the decrease in engine torque to prevent the generation of a torque shock, but it must be avoided that such control is conducted too promptly, thereby suddenly increasing the engine torque. Therefore, when the amount of fuel injected into the #1 cylinder 3₁ is initially decreased after establishment of the condition for switching the target air-fuel ratio (from the stoichiometry to the lean), the control for increasing the intake air amount is conducted at a timing of closure of the intake valve for the cylinder which is in an intake stroke immediately before such decrease. Likewise, when the amount of fuel injected into each of the #3, #4 and #2 cylinders 3₃, 3₄ and 3₂ is decreased, the control for increasing the intake air amount is conducted at a timing of closure of the intake valve for the cylinder which is in an intake stroke immediately before such decrease. Thus, the output torque from the cylinder which is in the intake stroke (i.e., the cylinder which is still in a stoichiometrical condition) is prevented from being increased.

Returning to the flow chart in FIG. 3, if the answer at step S3 is NO and the answer at step S8 is YES, i.e., if the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the lean to the stoichiometry, second switchover intervals shown in Table 2 are selected at step S9.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         For switching from lean to stoichiometry                                       Cylinder #1 → #3                                                                               #3 → #4                                                                          #4 → #2                                 ______________________________________                                         Interval 8TDC          6TDC     2TDC                                           ______________________________________                                    

The intervals in Table 2 are used to control the amount of fuel injected, so that the amount of fuel injected into the #3 cylinder 3₃ is increased with a lag of 8TDC after increasing the amount of fuel injected into the #1 cylinder 3₁, and then, the amount of fuel injected into the #4 cylinder 3₄ is increased with a lag of 6TDC and thereafter, the amount of fuel injected into the #2 cylinder 3₂ is increased with a lag of 2TDC. Such intervals are corrected at step S10 in accordance with the throttle opening degree θ TH detected by the throttle opening degree sensor 5 and the variation rate Δθ TH.

Thus, if the interval (the TDC number) before being corrected in Table 2 is represented by N, and the interval (the TDC number) after correction is represented by N', a value of N' is determined according to a following expression:

    N'=Nx(reference Δθ TH)/(Current Δθ TH

At this time, the calculated value of N' is determined as an integer by raising a decimal fraction. Therefore, when the accelerator pedal has been depressed quickly, the interval (TDC number) N' after correction is smaller than the interval (TDC number) N before correction. Conversely, when the accelerator pedal has been depressed slowly, the interval (TDC number) N' after correction is larger than the interval (TDC number) N before correction.

The control for stepwise decreasing the intake air amount and the control for stepwise increasing the amount of fuel injected are carried out at steps S5 and S6 of FIG. 3 in the manner shown in FIG. 5, thereby making it possible to switch the target air-fuel ratio from the lean to the stoichiometry, while preventing the degradation of the emission and the generation of a torque shock.

In general, the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the stoichiometry upon high loading or upon depression of the accelerator pedal, leading to a situation in which an accelerating feeling and a power feeling are expected. In this case, the torque shock generated with the switching of the target air-fuel ratio is highly acceptable, as compared with a case where the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the stoichiometry to the lean.

As is apparent from the comparison of Table 1 for the switching of the target air-fuel ratio from the stoichiometry to the lean with Table 2 for the switching of the target air-fuel ratio from the lean to the stoichiometry, each of the intervals in Table 2 with the high acceptability of the torque shock is smaller than that in Table 1. Moreover, when the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal is large, the interval in Table 2 is corrected to a further decreased value (see step S10), thereby making it possible to provide a predetermined torque shock to satisfy the accelerating feeling and the power feeling.

Further, the timing of the control for stepwise decreasing the intake air amount by the EACV 7 is carried out simultaneously with the timing of the control for decreasing the amount of fuel injected into each of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄. If the target air-fuel ratio is compared with that switched from the stoichiometry to the lean, the timing of changing the intake air amount is slightly delayed. However, when the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the stoichiometry, as described above, a certain degree of a torque shock is acceptable and hence, even if the control for decreasing the intake air amount is slightly delayed and somewhat of a torque shock is generated, there is no hindrance.

If the answer at step S3 is NO and the more answer at step S8 is NO, i.e., if the target air-fuel ratio has been switched between the lean (A/F=20) and the lean (A/F=23), third switchover intervals given in Table 3 are selected at step S11. The intervals in Table 3 between the #1 to #4 cylinders are set equally at 2TDC, and the stepwise control of the intake air amount and the stepwise control of the amounts of fuel injected are carried out based on such interval at steps S5 and S6.

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                         For switching from lean to more lean                                           Cylinder #1 → #3                                                                               #3 → #4                                                                          #4 → #2                                 ______________________________________                                         Internal 2TDC          2TDC     2TDC                                           ______________________________________                                    

When the target air-fuel ratio is switched between the lean and the more lean in this manner, little torque shock is generated and for this reason, even if the interval is set at the shorter value of 2TDC, there is not a problem that the driveability is degraded.

A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described in connection with FIGS. 6 to 8.

In this embodiment, four types of status, i.e., ST-AFCHG=0, 1, 2, 4 are established in accordance with the operational state of the engine E, and the amount of fuel injected by each of the fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ and the opening degree of the EACV 7 are controlled based on the status ST-AFCHG.

A status control routine shown in FIG. 6 is carried out at every TDC and corresponds to the switching from the stoichiometry to the lean. In this embodiment, the switching of the air-fuel ratio is carried out in the order of #2 cylinder 3₂ #4 cylinder 3₄ #3 cylinder 3₃ #1 cylinder 3₁.

Before establishment of an air-fuel ratio switching condition, the status ST-AFCHG is set at "0", and all of first, second and third interval counters cnt-STEP1, cnt-STEP2 and cnt-STEP3 are set at "1".

When the air-fuel ratio switching condition has been established, the first interval counter cnt-STEP1 is equal so an initial value of 1 at step S11' and hence, the processing is advanced to step S12. It is judged at step S12 whether or not the cylinder number Cylno (i.e., the number of the cylinder 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ or 3₄ which is in a compression stroke) is "2". If the cylinder number becomes "2", the status ST-AFCHG is switched from "0" to "1" at step S13, and the first interval counter cnt-STEP1 effects a count-down at step S14. Thus, the first interval counter cnt-STEP1 which has been at the initial value of "1" is switched from "1" to "0" to complete the counting.

When the status ST-AFCHG has become "1" in the above manner, the first interval counter cnt-STEP1 has become "0" at step S' and hence, the processing is advanced to step S15. At first, the second interval counter cnt-STEP2 is equal to the initial value of "1" at step S15 and hence, the processing is advanced to step S16. It is judged at step S16 whether or not the cylinder number Cylno is "4". When the cylinder number Cylno becomes "4", the status ST-AFCHG is switched from "1" to "2" at step S17, and the second interval counter cnt-STEP2 effects a count-down at step S18. Thus, the second interval counter cnt-STEP2 which has been equal to the initial value of "1" is switched from "1" to "0" to complete counting.

When the status ST-AFCHG has been switched to "2" at step S17 in the above manner, both the first interval counter cnt-STEP1 and the second interval counter cnt-STEP2 have become equal to "0" at step S15 and hence, the processing is advanced to step S19. At first, the third interval counter cnt-STEP3 is equal to the initial value of "1" at step S19 and hence, the processing is advanced to step S20. It is judged at step S20 whether or not the cylinder number Cylno is "3". When the cylinder number Cylno becomes "3", the status ST-AFCHG is switched from "2" to "3" at step S21, and the third interval counter cnt-STEP3 effects a count-down at step S22. Thus, the third interval counter cnt-STEP3 which has been equal to the initial value of "1" is switched from "1" to "0" to complete the counting.

When the status ST-AFCHG has become "3" at step S21 in the above manner, the first, second and third interval counters cnt-STEP1, cnt-STEP2 and cnt-STEP3 all have become "0" at steps S11, S15 and S19 and hence, the processing is advanced to step S23. When the cylinder number Cylno becomes "1" at step S23, the status ST-AFCHG is switched from "3" to "4" at step S24.

As is apparent from a timing chart in FIG. 8, when the status ST-AFCHG is "0", the air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ is set at the stoichiometry. When the status ST-AFCHG is "1", the air-fuel ratio for the #2 cylinder 3₂ is changed to the lean. When the status ST-AFCHG is "2", the air-fuel ratio for each of the #2 and #4 cylinders 3₂ and 3₄ is changed to the lean. When the status ST-AFCHG is "3", the air-fuel ratio for each of the #2, #4 and #3 cylinders 3₂, 3₄ and 3₃ is changed to the lean. When the status ST-AFCHG is "3", the air-fuel ratio for all the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ is changed to the lean. In FIG. 8, a long triangle corresponds to a stoichiometrical condition in which the time of injection of the fuel is long, and a short triangle corresponds to a lean condition in which the time of injection of the fuel is short.

As the air-fuel ratio switching condition is established and the status ST-AFCHG is varied from "0" to "4", the air-fuel ratios for the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ are sequentially switched from the stoichiometry to the lean. At this time, all the initial values of the first, second and third interval counters cnt-STEP1, cnt-STEP2 and cnt-STEP3 are set at "1", but by changing the initial values, the air-fuel ratio switching intervals for the cylinders 3₃, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ can be set at any value. For example, if the initial value is changed from "1" to "2", the status ST-AFCHG is not varied, until the count-down is conducted two times, and hence, such intervals are increased.

When the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the stoichiometry, it is switched in the order of "5" (the ratio for the #2 cylinder 3₂ is stoichiometry)→"6" (the ratios for the #2 and #4 cylinders 3₂ and 3₄ are stoichiometry)→"7" (the ratios for the #2, #4 and #3 cylinders 3₂, 3₄ and 3₃ are stoichiometry), while the status ST-AFCHG is switched from "4" corresponding to the lean to "0" corresponding to the stoichiometry.

The control of the amount of fuel injected is carried out based on the status ST-AFCHG in this manner and at the same time, the opening degree of the EACV 7 is also controlled in order to further reduce the torque shock, as in the first embodiment.

More specifically, if the status ST-AFCHG is "0" (the stoichiometry) at step S31 in a flow chart in FIG. 7, a basic drive amount IAF for the EACV 7 corresponding to the target air-fuel ratio is set at 0 at step S32 and a drive amount ICMD2 for the EACV 7 is thereby set at 0 at step S33.

If the status ST-AFCHG is not "0" (the stoichiometry) at step S31, the basic drive amount IAF for the EACV 7 is calculated, for example, by map-searching at step S34. If the status ST-AFCHG is "4" at step S35, the drive amount ICMD2 is set at the IAF at step S38 (ICMD2=IAF). If the status ST-AFCHG is "1" or "7" at step S36, the drive amount ICMD2 is set at IAF×X-KIAF1 at step S39. If the status ST-AFCHG is "2" or "6" at step S37, the drive amount ICMD2 is set at IAF×X-KIAF2 at step S40 (ICMD2=IAF X-KIAF2). If the status ST-AFCHG is "3" or "5", the drive amount ICMD2 is set at IAF×X-KIAF3 at step S41 (ICMD2=IAF×X-KIAF3). Here, each of KIAF1, KIAF2 and KIAF3 is a factor depending upon the status ST-AFCHG. Thus, the opening degree of the EACV 7 is changed based on a final drive amount ICMD2 determined at step S38, S39, S40 or S41.

The timing of driving the EACV 7 which corresponds to the calculation (see mark O) of the opening degree of the EACV 7 carried out at the time of switching of the status ST-AFCHG in FIG. 8 is the same as in the first embodiment.

More specifically, when the air-fuel ratio has been switched from the rich (stoichiometry) to the lean, at each time the control for decreasing the amount of fuel injected is carried out at a short triangle location, the control for increasing the intake air amount is carried out at a timing of closure of the intake valve for the cylinder which is in the intake stroke immediately before such decreasing control. For example, when the control for decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the #2 cylinder 3₂ is first carried out, the control for increasing the intake air amount is carried out at a timing of closure of the intake valve of the #4 cylinder 3₄ which is in the intake stroke immediately before such decreasing control. When the control for decreasing the amount of fuel injected into each of the #4, #3 and #1 cylinders 3₄, 3₃ and 3₁ is carried out, the control for increasing the intake air amount is carried out at a timing of closure of the intake valves for the #3, #1 and #2 cylinders 3₃, 3₁ and 3₂ which are in the intake stroke immediately before such decreasing control. On the other hand, when the air-fuel ratio has been switched from the lean to the rich (stoichiometry), at each time the control for increasing the amount of fuel injected is carried out, the control for decreasing the intake air amount is carried out at the same timing.

FIG. 9 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention, in which the air-fuel ratio is switched from the rich to the lean, and which has different features in that the switching of the air-fuel ratio is carried out in the order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂ and in that all the initial values of the interval counters cnt-STEP1, cnt-STEP2 and cnt-STEP3 are "2".

FIG. 10 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which the air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the rich and which has different features in that the switching of the air-fuel ratio is carried out in the order of #2 cylinder 3₂ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#1 cylinder 3₁ and in that all the initial values of the interval counters cnt-STEP1, cnt-STEP2 and cnt-STEP3 are "2".

Since the initial values of the interval counters are set at "2" in this manner, the timing of switching the status is delayed and the interval is prolonged, as compared with the second embodiment in which all the initial values are "1".

A fifth embodiment of the present invention will now be described in connection with FIGS. 11 to 15.

As apparent from the comparison of FIG. 11 with FIG. 1, the bypass passage 6 with the EACV 7 are not mounted on the intake passage 1 of the engine E in the fifth embodiment, and an intake pipe internal absolute pressure sensor 14 for detecting an intake pipe internal absolute pressure P_(B) is provided and connected to the electronic control unit U. A ternary catalyst 11 for purifying an exhaust gas is provided in an exhaust passage 15 which is connected to the engine E through an exhaust manifold

16. The exhaust passage 15 and the intake passage 1 are interconnected by an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) gas passage 12, and an EGR valve 13 is provided in the EGR gas passage 12 and connected to the electronic control unit U in order to control the amount of EGR gas circulated. In all other respects, the embodiment of FIG. 11 is the same as FIG. 1 and will not be redescribed.

As shown in FIG. 12, the electronic control unit U includes a target air-fuel ratio setting means M1 for switching the target air-fuel ratio A/F based on the operational state of the engine E, an EGR gas circulation amount controlling means M2 for controlling the opening degree of the EGR valve 13 based on the target air-fuel ratio, a residual EGR gas amount calculating means M3 for calculating an amount of a residual gas in the intake system based on the operational state of the engine E, and a fuel injection amount controlling means M4 for controlling the time of injection of the fuel by each of the fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ based on the operational state of the engine E as well as outputs from the target air-fuel ratio setting means M1 and the residual EGR gas amount calculating means M3.

A throttle opening degree θ TH detected by the throttle opening degree sensor 5 and an engine revolution-number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10 are supplied to the target air-fuel ratio setting means M1, and a target air-fuel ratio is map-searched based on these values of throttle opening degree θ TH and engine revolution-number Ne. In a usual operational range of the engine E, the target air-fuel ratio is set at the stoichiometry (rich) value, i.e., at 14.7 which is a theoretical value. On the other hand, in a particular operational range such as during speed-reduction of the engine E, the target air-fuel ratio is leaned, for example, to 22 in order to provide an improvement in specific fuel consumption.

When the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the stoichiometry to the lean by the target air-fuel ratio setting means M1, the EGR gas circulation amount controlling means M2 decreases the opening degree of the EGR valve 13 to limit the amount of EGR gas circulated, or closes the EGR valve 13 to stop the circulation of the EGR gas.

The operation of the residual EGR gas amount calculating means M3 will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to a flow chart in FIG. 14.

When the target air-fuel ratio is a theoretical air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection amount controlling means M4 sets a fuel injection time Ti corresponding to an air intake amount Q detected by the intake air amount sensor 9 and an engine revolution number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10, so that such theoretical air-fuel ratio is provided. On the other hand, when the target air-fuel ratio has been leaned into a value leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the fuel injection amount controlling means M4 sets a fuel injection time Ti, so that such leaned target air-fuel ratio is provided. When the target air-fuel ratio is switched, the fuel injection amount controlling means M4 controls the timing of changing the fuel injection time Ti with a predetermined time difference (which will be described hereinafter) for each of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄.

The operation of the fifth embodiment will be described below with reference to a flow chart in FIG. 13.

First, when a target air-fuel ratio switching condition has been newly established based on the operational state of the engine E at step S1, the EGR valve is closed by an instruction from the electronic control unit U at step S2 to decrease the amount of EGR gas reaching the cylinders. Then, a net EGR factor KEGRN is calculated at step S3. The net EGR factor KEGRN corresponds to the amount of residual EGR gas remaining in the intake system.

The specified contents of step S3 will be described with reference to a flow chart in FIG. 14, which step is a loop that is performed repeatedly and continuously during operation of the system. First, at step S31, an EGR direct rate E_(A) and EGR carrying-away rate E_(B) are searched from an Ne-P_(B) map based on the engine revolution number Ne detected by engine revolution-number sensor 10 and the intake pipe internal absolute pressure P_(B) detected by the intake pipe internal absolute pressure sensor 14. Then, an amount Gt of EGR gas passed through the EGR valve 13 is calculated at step S32 according to the following expression:

    Gt=TiM(τ)×(1-KEGR(τ)

wherein TiM (τ) is a fuel injection time Ti before τ TDC, and KEGR(τ) is an EGR factor before τ TDC.

Then, an amount Gin of EGR gas drawn into the cylinder is calculated at step S33 according to the following expression:

    Gin=E.sub.A ×Gt+E.sub.B ×Gc

wherein Gc is an amount of EGR gas resident within the intake passage 1 that is calculated at step S35, in each repetition of the loop. In the first loop after the power is turned ON, a predetermined value of Gc is assumed in this step S33.

Then, a net EGR factor KEGRN is calculated at step S34 according to the following expression:

    KEGRN=(1-Gin/TiM)

wherein TiM is the current fuel injection time Ti.

Finally, an amount Gc of EGR gas resident within the intake passage 1 is calculated at step S35 according to a following expression:

    Gc=(1-E.sub.A)×Gt+(1-E.sub.B)×Gc'

wherein Gc' is the above-described predetermined value that is assumed for the first loop and thereafter Gc' is the value of Gc calculated in the previous loop at this step S35.

If the net EGR factor KEGRN becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value at step S4 in FIG. 13, i.e., if the amount of EGR gas resident within the intake system becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, the processing is advanced to step S5, at which the switching of the air-fuel ratio is started. If the switching of the air-fuel ratio is completed at step S6, this routine is completed.

The above-described operation will be further described with reference to a timing chart in FIG. 15. If the target air-fuel ratio switching condition has been established to decrease the amount of EGR gas circulated, the net EGR factor is gradually decreased. If the net EGR factor becomes equal to or less than the predetermined value, the switching of the air-fuel ratio is started, whereby the amount of fuel injected by the fuel injection valve 8₁ for the #1 cylinder 3₁ is first decreased to change the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder 3₁ from the stoichiometry to the lean and then, the amounts of fuel injected by the fuel injection valves 8₃, 8₄ and 8₁ for the #3, #4 and #1 cylinders 3₃, 3₄ and 3₁ are sequentially decreased with predetermined time differences to change the air-fuel ratio from the stoichiometry to the lean.

In this manner, the switching of the air-fuel ratio is carried out after waiting for the net EGR factor to become equal to or less than the predetermined value after the amount of EGR gas circulated has been decreased. Therefore, the air-fuel ratio cannot be changed to the lean while the net EGR factor remains large. This prevents the generation of a combustion failure or a misfire. In addition, in switching the air-fuel ratio, the air-fuel ratios for the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are sequentially switched with the predetermined time differences rather than being simultaneously switched and therefore, a torque shock of the engine E can be prevented to provide an improved riding comfort.

In the fifth embodiment, when the target air-fuel ratio is near a lean limit, the amount of EGR gas circulated may be cut off to 0 at step S2 in the flow chart shown in FIG. 13. When the net EGR factor KEGRN has become 0 at step S4, the switching of the air-fuel ratio may be started. In doing so, even when the target air-fuel ratio is near the lean limit, the generation of a combustion failure or a misfire can be reliably prevented.

A sixth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 18.

First, when the target air-fuel ratio switching condition has been established based on the operational state of the engine E at step S11 (FIG. 16), the EGR valve 13 is closed by the instruction from the electronic control unit U at step S12 to decrease the amount of EGR gas circulated. Then, a switching flag FLGchg is set at "1" (corresponding to the completion of the switching) in a first loop, and hence, the processing is advanced to step S14, at which the switching flag FLGchg is set at "0" (corresponding to the incompletion of the switching).

Then, it is judged at step S15 whether or not the current net EGR factor KEGRN is equal to or less than a predetermined value. In the first loop immediately after the decreasing of the amount of EGR gas circulated, the net EGR factor KEGRN is not equal to or less than the predetermined value and hence, the processing is advanced to step S16, at which a searching is carried out in KEGRN/KBS₁ Table shown in FIG. 17. More specifically, a target air-fuel ratio KBS₁ is searched in accordance with the net EGR factor KEGRN. Then, the target air-fuel ratio KBS₁ is compared with a medium target air-fuel ratio at step S17. The medium target air-fuel ratio is varied toward the lean, as the net EGR factor KEGRN is decreased.

If the medium target air-fuel ratio is set in this manner, the leaning of the air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders is carried out, so that the medium target air-fuel ratio is provided. This leaning of the air-fuel ratio is carried out with predetermined time differences in the order of #1 cylinder 3₁, #2 cylinder 3₂, #3 cylinder 3₃ and #4 cylinder 3₄, as in the fifth embodiment. The leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ is repeated in accordance with the variation in the medium target air-fuel ratio, until the switching of the air-fuel ratio is finally completed at step S19. If the current net EGR factor KEGRN soon becomes equal to or less than the predetermined value, a target air-fuel ratio KBS_(LL) at the time of establishment of the switching condition is set at a final target air-fuel ratio at step S20, and the air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ is switched at step S18, so that such final target air-fuel ratio is obtained.

When the switching of the air-fuel ratio has been finally completed at step S19, the processing is advanced to step S21, at which the switching flag FLGchg is set at 21" (corresponding to the completion of the switching).

It should be noted that if the target air-fuel ratio KBS_(LL) at the time of establishment of the switching condition is near a lean limit, the amount of EGR gas circulated may be cut to 0 at step S12 in the flow chart of FIG. 16. When the net EGR factor KEGRN has become 0 at step S15, the target air-fuel ratio KBS_(LL) may be set at the final target air-fuel ratio at step S20. In doing so, even when the target air-fuel ratio KBS_(LL) is near a lean limit, the generation of a combustion failure or a misfire can be reliably prevented.

As described above, the air-fuel ratio is switched toward the lean in accordance with the net EGR factor KEGRN and therefore, even if a situation with the medium air-fuel ratio is generated, the degradation of the emission is prevented by the presence of the residual EGR gas in an amount corresponding to such situation. Moreover, in switching the air-fuel ratio from the stoichiometry to the lean, the air-fuel ratio is stepwise switched toward the lean in accordance with the decrease in net EGR factor KEGRN simultaneously with the establishment of the air-fuel ratio switching condition. Therefore, the timing of leaning the air-fuel ratio is not delayed to degrade the fuel consumption rate, and while the air-fuel ratio remains at the stoichiometry, the amount of EGR gas circulated is not decreased to degrade the emission.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 24.

As is apparent from the comparison of FIG. 19 with FIG. 11, an engine E in this embodiment has a construction such that the EGR passage 12, the EGR valve 13 and the intake pipe internal absolute pressure sensor 14 are eliminated from the engine E shown in FIG. 11. In all other respects, the embodiment of FIG. 19 is the same as FIG. 11 and will not be redescribed.

The operation of the seventh embodiment will be described below.

A program shown in the flow chart in FIG. 20 is carried out at every TDC. First, if the target air-fuel ratio switching condition is not established at step S1, each of four TDC counters CNTa, CNTb, CNTc and CNTd provided in correspondence to four (#1a, #2=b, #3=c and #4=d) cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ are set at a predetermined initial value at step S2, and a switching completion flag FLG is set at "0" at step S3. The TDC counters CNTa, CNTb, CNTc and CNTd are decremented upon every detection of TDC after the start of counting. The switching completion flag FLG is set at "1" when the switching of the target air-fuel ratio has been completed (step S17 described below), and at "0" when the switching is not completed (step S3).

If it is decided at step S1 based on the operational state of the engine E that the target air-fuel ratio switching condition has been established, if the switching flag FLG is not set at "1" at step S4 (i.e., the target air-fuel ratio is uncompleted), and if the TDC counter CNTa has not reached a count-up at step S5, the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder is switched from the stoichiometry (rich) to the lean by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the #1 cylinder at step S6.

The judgment of the switching of the target air-fuel ratio is carried out by map-searching the target air-fuel ratio A/F based on the throttle opening degree θ TH detected by the throttle opening degree sensor 5 and the engine revolution number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10. In a usual operational range of the engine E, the target air-fuel ratio is set at the stoichiometry value, i.e., at 14.7 which is a theoretical air-fuel ratio (A/F=14.7). In a particular operational range such as during speed-reduction of the engine E, the target air-fuel ratio is leaned, for example to A/F=22 in order to provide an improvement in specific fuel consumption.

When the target air-fuel ratio is the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the control of the amount of fuel injected from each of the fuel injection valves 8₁, 8₂, 8₃ and 8₄ is performed by setting a fuel injection time Ti corresponding to the air intake amount Q detected by the intake air amount sensor 9 and the engine revolution number Ne detected by the engine revolution-number sensor 10, so that such theoretical air-fuel ratio is obtained. On the other hand, when the target air-fuel ratio has been leaned into a value leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio, the control of the amount of fuel injected is performed by setting a fuel injection time Ti, so that such leaned target air-fuel ratio is reached.

When the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder has been leaned o0 in the above manner at step S6, the TDC counter CNTa corresponding to the #1 cylinder is decremented at step S7. Steps S6 and S7 are continued until the TDC counter CNTa reaches the count-up (0) at step S5. Therefore, during such continuation, only the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder is leaned, and those iSt5 for the remaining #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are maintained at stoichiometry.

When a predetermined number of TDCs has been detected after the leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the #1 cylinder, whereby the TDC counter CNTa has reached the count-up at step S5 and the TDC counter CNTb has not reached the count-up at step S8, the air-fuel ratio for the #2 cylinder is switched from the stoichiometry to the lean by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the #2 cylinder at step S9, and the TDC counter CNTb corresponding to the #2 cylinder is decremented at step S10.

Steps S9 and S10 are continued until the TDC counter CNTb reaches the count-up (0) at step S8. Therefore, during such continuation, only the air-fuel ratios for the #1 cylinder and #2 cylinder are leaned, and those for the remaining #3 and #4 cylinders are maintained at the stoichiometry.

When the predetermined number of TDCs has been detected after leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the #2 cylinder, whereby the TDC counter CNTb has reached the count-up at step S8, and the TDC counter CNTc has not reach the count-up at step S11, the air-fuel ratio for the #3 cylinder is switched from the stoichiometry to the lean by the decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the #3 cylinder at step S12, and the TDC counter CNTc corresponding to the #3 cylinder is decremented at step S13.

Steps S12 and S13 are continued until the TDC counter CNTc reaches the count-up (0) at step S11. Therefore, during such continuation, only the air-fuel ratios for the #1, #2 and #3 cylinders are leaned, and the air-fuel ratio for the remaining #4 cylinder is maintained at the stoichiometry.

When the predetermined number of TDCs has been detected after leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the #3 cylinder, whereby the TDC counter CNTc has reached the count-up (0) at step S11 and the TDC counter CNTd does not reach the count-up at step S14, the air-fuel ratio for the #4 cylinder is switched from the stoichiometry to the lean by decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the #4 cylinder at step S15, and the TDC counter CNTd corresponding to the #4 cylinder is decremented at step S16.

Steps S15 and S16 are continued until the TDC counter CNTd reaches the count-up. When the TDC counter CNTd has reached the count-up (0) at step S14, the switching flag FLG is set at "1" from the decision of the fact that the switching of the target air-fuel ratio has been completed. Therefore, after leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the #4 cylinder at step S15, the air-fuel ratios for all the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are brought into lean values.

The timing for switching the air-fuel ratio for each of the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ can be set at any value by changing the initial values of the TDC counters CNTa to CNTd.

The torque shock of the engine E can be minimized, while avoiding a condition with the medium air-fuel ratio at which the amount of NO_(x) discharged is increased, by switching the air-fuel ratios for the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ with the predetermined time differences, when the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the stoichiometry to the lean, as described above.

In the present embodiment, a further decrease in the amount of NO_(x) discharged is provided by defining the order of switching of the air-fuel ratios for the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄. Examples, in which the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the stoichiometry to the lean, will be described with reference to FIGS. 21A, 21B and 21C and FIG. 22. In any of examples (A), (B) and (C) in FIGS. 21A, 21B, 21C and FIG. 22, the order of discharge of an exhaust gas (i.e., the order of ignition) or firing order is the same and set at an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂. In place of the order of switching of the air-fuel ratios generally set at the order of #1 cylinder→#2 cylinder→#3 cylinder→#4 cylinder in the flow chart in FIG. 20, as shown in FIG. 21C as Example (c) the order of switching the air-fuel ratios is set at an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂ in the example (A), and at an order of #2 cylinder 3₂ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#1 cylinder 3₁ →#4 cylinder 3₄ in the example (B).

Suppose the time where the air-fuel ratios for two of the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ become leaned, i.e., the period from the leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the "#2 (second) cylinder at step S9 up to the leaning of the air-fuel ratio for the #3 (third) cylinder at step S12. In this case, in the example (A), the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the #1 and #3 cylinders 3₁ and 3₃ which are in lean conditions is continuous, while the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the #4 and #2 cylinders 3₄ and 3₂ which are in stoichiometrical conditions is continuous, and the #3 cylinder which is in the lean condition is located between the #4 and #2 cylinders 3₄ and 3₂ which are in the stoichiometrical conditions.

In the example (B), the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders which are in the lean conditions (#2 and #3 cylinders 3₂ and 3₃) and the cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions (#1 and #4 cylinders 3₁ and 3₄) is an alternative, and the two cylinders which are in the lean conditions (#2 and #3cylinders 3₂ and 3₃) are located between the two cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions (#1 and #4 cylinders 3₁ and 3₄).

In the example (C), the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the two cylinders which are in the lean conditions (#1 20 and #2 cylinders 3₁ and 3₂) is continuous, while the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the two cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions (#3 and #4 cylinders 3₃ and 3₄) is continuous, and the two cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions (#3 and #4 cylinders 3₃ and 3₄) are located adjacent each other.

Thus, in the examples (A) and (C), because the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the two cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions is continuous, the exhaust gas from the two cylinders which are in the stoichiometrical conditions may be seldom diluted by the exhaust gas from the two remaining cylinders which are in the lean conditions, and the exhaust emission purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 can be maintained at a high level to inhibit an increase in the amount of NO_(x) discharged. On the other hand, in the example (B), the cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions and the cylinders in the lean conditions alternately discharge the exhaust gas and for this reason, the exhaust gas from the cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions is diluted by the exhaust gas from the cylinders in the lean conditions, resulting in a reduced exhaust emission purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11.

In the example (C), because the two cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions are located adjacent each other, the exhaust gas from such two cylinders may be seldom mixed with and diluted by the exhaust gas from the two remaining cylinders in the lean conditions and hence, the exhaust emission purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 can be maintained at a high level to inhibit an increase in the amount of NO_(x) discharged. On the other hand, in the examples (A) and (B), because the cylinder in the lean condition is located between the cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions, the exhaust gas from the cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions is diluted by the exhaust gas from the cylinder in the lean condition, resulting in a reduced exhaust emission purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11.

As described above, the example (C) is convenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from viewpoints of both the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ and the arrangement of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄, and the example (A) is convenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from a viewpoint of the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄. However, the example (B) is inconvenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from the viewpoints of both the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ and the arrangement of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄.

Examples, in which the target air-fuel ratio is switched from the lean to the stoichiometry, will be described below with reference to FIGS. 23A, 23B, 23C and 24.

In any of the examples (D) to (F) in FIGS. 23A, 23B and 23C, the order of discharge of the exhaust gas (i.e., the order of ignition) is the same as the above-described switching from the stoichiometry to the lean and is set at an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂. The order of switching of the air-fuel ratio is set in an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂ in the example (D), an order of #2 cylinder 3₂ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#1 cylinder 3₁ →#4 cylinder 3₄ in the example (E), and an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#2 cylinder 3₂ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#4 cylinder 3₄ in the example (F).

As is apparent from FIG. 24, when the air-fuel ratio for two of the four cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ has been leaned, the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the #1 and #3 cylinders 3₁ and 3₃ in the stoichiometrical conditions is continuous in the example (D), and the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the #1 and #2 cylinders 3₁ and 3₂ in the stoichiometrical conditions is continuous in the example (F). For this reason, the exhaust gas from the two cylinders in the stoichiometrical conditions is seldom diluted by the exhaust gas from the two remaining cylinders in the lean conditions, and the exhaust emission purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 can be maintained at a high level to inhibit the amount of NO_(x) discharged.

In the example (E), the #2 and #3 cylinders 3₂ and 3₃ in the stoichiometrical conditions are adjacent each other, and in the example (F), the #1 and #2 cylinders 3₁ and 3₂ are adjacent each other. Therefore, it is difficult for the exhaust gas from the cylinder in the stoichiometrical condition to be mixed with the exhaust gas from the cylinder in the lean condition, thereby making it possible to maintain the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 at a high level.

As described above, the example (F) is convenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from the viewpoints of both the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ and the arrangement of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄ ; the example (D) is convenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from the viewpoint of the order of discharge of the exhaust gas from the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄, and the example (E) is convenient for the purifying performance of the exhaust emission control catalyst 11 from the viewpoint of the arrangement of the cylinders 3₁, 3₂, 3₃ and 3₄.

An eighth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26.

As shown in FIG. 25, an engine E in the eighth embodiment is a 6-cylinder V-type engine, and has a right bank B_(R) including #1, #2 and #3 cylinders 3₁, 3₂, and 3₃, and a left bank B_(L) including #4, #5 and #6 cylinders 3₄, 3₅ and 3₆. A right exhaust emission control catalyst 11_(R) is provided in a right exhaust passage 15_(R) connected through a right exhaust manifold 16_(R) to the right bank B_(R), and a left exhaust emission control catalyst 11_(L) is provided in a left exhaust passage 15_(L) connected through a left exhaust manifold 16_(L) to the left bank B_(L). The order of discharge of the exhaust gas in this 6-cylinder engine (i.e., the order of ignition) is set at an order of #1 cylinder 3₁ →#4 cylinder 3₄ →#2 cylinder 3₂ →#5 cylinder 3₅ →#3 cylinder 3₃ →#6 cylinder 3₆.

FIG. 26 is a flow chart similar to FIG. 20 (the flow chart in the seventh embodiment), wherein steps S1 to S17 in FIG. 26 substantially correspond to those in FIG. 20, and newly added steps S18 to S23 correspond to the fifth #5 cylinder and the sixth #6 cylinder. The #1 to #6 cylinders in the flow chart correspond to cylinders 3₁ to 3₆ in FIG. 25.

Therefore, when the target air-fuel ratio has been established, the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₁, 3₂ and 3₃ in the right bank B_(R) are first sequentially switched from the stoichiometry to the lean and then, the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₄, 3₅ and 3₆ in the left bank B_(L) are sequentially switched from the stoichiometry to the lean. While the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₁, 3₂ and 3₃ in the right bank B_(R) are being switched from the stoichiometry to the lean, all of the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₄, 3₅ and 3₆ in the left bank B_(L) are maintained at the stoichiometry and hence, the purifying performance of the left exhaust emission control catalyst 11_(L) can be maintained at a high level to suppress the amount of NO_(x) discharged to a minimum level as a whole.

In switching the target air-fuel ratio from the lean to the stoichiometry, the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₁, 3₂ and 3₃ in the right bank B_(R) are first sequentially switched from the lean to the stoichiometry and then, the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₄, 3₅ and 3₆ in the left bank B_(L) are sequentially switched from the lean to the stoichiometry. Therefore, while the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₄, 3₅ and 3₆ in the left bank B_(L) are being switched after all the air-fuel ratios for the three cylinders 3₁, 3₂ and 3₃ in the right bank B_(R) have reached the stoichiometry, the purifying performance of the right exhaust emission control catalyst 11_(R) is maintained at a high level to prevent an increase in amount of NO_(x) discharged.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications in design may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

for example, in the first, second, third and fourth embodiments, the electronic air control valve 7 (EACV 7) is used as the intake air amount control means M3, but in place of this electronic air control valve 7, a throttle valve connected to a motor and electrically controlled for opening and closing can be used. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An air-fuel ratio controlling method in an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in an exhaust passage common to plural cylinders, and a fuel injection valve provided at each of the cylinders, the method comprising the steps of switching an air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders from a rich ratio to a lean ratio and from a lean ratio to a rich ratio in a sequential manner among all the cylinders when switching a target air-fuel ratio from rich to lean and lean to rich, respectively, by decreasing and increasing respectively an amount of fuel injected from each of said fuel injection valves at predetermined time intervals greater than a time interval between successive fuel injections to a cylinder, and, in the course of switching of said air-fuel ratios, controlling the fuel injection valves to produce a condition in which at least one cylinder is being provided with a lean air-fuel ratio fuel injection and a plurality of cylinders are being provided with a rich air-fuel ratio fuel injection, and said plurality of cylinders are in an order of discharge of an exhaust gas from the cylinders for causing the rich air-fuel ratio to be continuous.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said plural cylinders are arranged so that in the order of discharge a cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio is not interposed between said cylinders with said rich air-fuel ratio.
 3. An air-fuel ratio controlling method in an internal combustion engine including an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in an exhaust passage common to plural cylinders, and a fuel injection valve provided at each of the cylinders, the method comprising the steps of switching an air-fuel ratio for each of the cylinders from a rich ratio to a lean ratio and from a lean ratio to a rich ratio in a sequential manner among all the cylinders, when switching a target air-fuel ratio from rich to lean and lean to rich, respectively, by decreasing and increasing, respectively an amount of fuel injected from said fuel injection valves at predetermined time intervals greater than a time interval between successive fuel injections to a cylinder, and, in the course of switching of said air-fuel ratios, controlling the fuel injection valves to produce a condition in which at least one cylinder is being provided with a lean air-fuel ratio fuel injection and a plurality of cylinders are being provided with a rich air-fuel ratio fuel injection, and determining an order of arrangement of the cylinders so that a cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio fuel injection is not interposed between said plurality of cylinders with said rich air-fuel ratio fuel injection.
 4. An air-fuel ratio controlling method for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injector for each of plural cylinders, control means for individually controlling the fuel injectors, an exhaust emission control catalyst provided in an exhaust passage common to the plural cylinders, and means for determining a target air-fuel ratio and switching the target air-fuel ratio in response to engine operating conditions, comprising the steps of controlling the fuel injectors for sequentially switching the air-fuel ratios for each of the cylinders by (a), upon a decrease in the target air-fuel ratio, causing an increase in an amount of fuel injected in each cylinder with a predetermined time interval between the fuel increase for one cylinder and the fuel increase for a next cylinder in which the fuel is to be increased until the amount of fuel injected in each of the cylinders has been increased and (b), upon an increase in the target air-fuel ratio, causing a decrease in the amount of fuel injected in each cylinder with a predetermined time interval between the fuel decrease for one cylinder and the fuel decrease for a next cylinder in which fuel is to be decreased until the amount of fuel injected in each of the cylinders has been decreased, and controlling an order in which the fuel injectors of the plural cylinders are operated to increase and decrease the amount of fuel injected for causing at least two cylinders to consecutively discharge a rich air-fuel ratio exhaust gas from said two cylinders when at least two cylinders are being injected with a rich air-fuel ratio for causing the rich air-fuel ratio to be continuous in the exhaust gas.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said plural cylinders are arranged so that in the order of discharge a cylinder with a lean air-fuel ratio is not interposed between said cylinders with said rich air-fuel ratio. 